Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is regarded as a potential application for environmental pollution control due to its ability to remove pollutants.As a major precursor of dioxins,the influence of the parameters of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB)decomposition using NTP technology was investigated through a series of experiments,including voltage,frequency,water content,initial concentration,flow rate,and oxygen content.The experimental results show that the energy injected into the NTP system has a positive correlation to voltage and frequency.Oxygen has the greatest influence on TCB decomposition.The optimal reaction condition was at 15 kV,1000 Hz,an initial concentration of 20 mg m^?3,a flow rate of 2 l min^?1,H2O at 4%,and O2 at 0%.Under this condition,the TCB removal efficiency could reach 92%.According to the generated product backstepping,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)plays an important role in TCB decomposition due to its strong oxidation,which participates in the dechlorination and oxidation reactions as free radicals,and the possible decomposition pathway of TCB by NTP is inferred from the identified byproducts.It is of great significance to investigate the influence of the parameters of TCB decomposition using NTP technology in order to provide references for industrial application. 相似文献
As a renewable and environment-friendly technology for seawater desalination and wastewater purification, solar energy triggered steam generation is attractive to address the long-standing global water scarcity issues. However, practical utilization of solar energy for steam generation is severely restricted by the complex synthesis, low energy conversion efficiency, insufficient solar spectrum absorption and water extraction capability of state-of-the-art technologies. Here, for the first time, we report a facile strategy to realize hydrogen bond induced self-assembly of a polydopamine (PDA)@MXene microsphere photothermal layer for synergistically achieving wide-spectrum and highly efficient solar absorption capability (≈ 96% in a wide solar spectrum range of 250–1,500 nm wavelength). Moreover, such a system renders fast water transport and vapor escaping due to the intrinsically hydrophilic nature of both MXene and PDA, as well as the interspacing between core-shell microspheres. The solar-to-vapor conversion efficiencies under the solar illumination of 1 sun and 4 sun are as high as 85.2% and 93.6%, respectively. Besides, the PDA@MXene photothermal layer renders the system durable mechanical properties, allowing producing clean water from seawater with the salt rejection rate beyond 99%. Furthermore, stable light absorption performance can be achieved and well maintained due to the formation of ternary TiO2/C/MXene complex caused by oxidative degradation of MXene. Therefore, this work proposes an attractive MXene-assisted strategy for fabricating high performance photothermal composites for advanced solar-driven seawater desalination applications.
C-SiC composite powders were prepared by salt-assisted synthesis from Si powders, graphite, and a molten salt medium (NaCl and NaF) with the molar ratio of Si/C =?1/2 at 1300?°C for 3?h. After the C-SiC composite powders part and complete replacement of the graphite, the mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and slag-corrosion resistance of the Al2O3-C materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), as well as with dedicated equipment. The results indicated that SiC whiskers, with lengths of 10–50?nm, formed on the surface of the flake graphite, and the activation energy of oxidation of the C-SiC composite powder increased by 45.72?kJ?mol?1 as compared to that of flake graphite. Furthermore, the decarburization area and slag erosion area of the Al2O3-C material decreased after 3?wt% of C-SiC composite powder was substituted for the flake graphite. Meanwhile, the cold modulus of rupture was maintained when 3?wt% of C-SiC composite powder was added. This improved both the oxidation and slag resistance of the Al2O3-C materials. 相似文献
In this work, a three-dimensional ordered hierarchically porous (3DOHP) Li4Ti5O12 that possesses inner-particle mesopores resulting from a soft template method and a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) Li4Ti5O12 using polystyrene spheres as a hard template have been synthesized. Both 3DOM Li4Ti5O12 and 3DOHP Li4Ti5O12 have ordered macropores and interconnected skeletons with a regular periodicity revealed by SEM and TEM observations. The specific surface area of 3DOHP Li4Ti5O12 is up to 135 m2 g?1 which is much higher compared with that of 3DOM Li4Ti5O12 because of the existence of inner-particle mesopores. Attributed to the higher surface area and smaller crystal grain size, more excellent cycle performance and rate capability are obtained for 3DOHP Li4Ti5O12 compared to 3DOM Li4Ti5O12. In addition, the hierarchically porous structure of 3DOHP Li4Ti5O12 can meet rapid insertion and deinsertion of lithium ion even at extremely high rate. It is apparent that 3DOHP Li4Ti5O12 has a lower total resistance and faster Li+ diffusion coefficient compared to 3DOM Li4Ti5O12 according to electrochemical impendence spectroscopy analysis. 相似文献
Peapod-like ZnO@C with internal void space has been synthesized by calcination of ZnO/ZnOHF@polydopamine nanorods. By designing both the large void space between particles and external elastic carbon shell, the large volume change of ZnO during charge-discharge process could be effectively relieved. Moreover, the carbon shell functioned as an electronic conductor and elastic barrier, could accelerate the reaction kinetics and confine stable SEI films formation on the outer protective layer to further improve the structural integrity. Benefiting from these structure advantages, the peapod-like ZnO@C presents a prominent electrochemical performance with a retained discharge capacity of 565.1 mA h g?1 at 0.2 A g?1 and high rate capacity of 246.6 mA h g?1 even at 4 A g?1. 相似文献
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention since the discovery of graphene in 2004, due to their intriguing physicochemical properties and wide-ranging applications in catalysis, energy-related devices, electronics and optoelectronics. To maximize the potential of 2D nanomaterials for their technological applications, controlled assembly of 2D nanobulding blocks into integrated systems is critically needed. This mini review summarizes the reported strategies of 2D materials-based assembly into integrated functional nanostructures, from in-situ assembly method to post-synthesis assembly. The applications of 2D assembled integrated structures are also covered, especially in the areas of energy, electronics and sensing, and we conclude with discussion on the remaining challenges and potential directions in this emerging field.